This Equity by Design Research Brief illustrates the relationship between mental health and LGBTQ+ identities, paying particular attention to the effects of homophobia and transphobia in schools. Homophobia and transphobia can manifest in schools in multiple ways; this brief focuses on egregious actions, such as bullying, as well as more subtle ones, such as non-inclusive curricula. Ultimately, teachers and administrators will learn about this issue and how to eradicate it in their schools to positively impact the mental wellbeing of their LGBTQ+ students.