The "Dear Colleague" letter from the U.S. Department of Education's Office for Civil Rights addresses the rise in discrimination complaints against students, including Muslim, Arab, Sikh, South Asian, Hindu, and Palestinian students. It reminds schools of their legal obligations under Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 to provide a discrimination-free environment. The letter outlines the types of prohibited discrimination and harassment, including those based on shared ancestry or ethnic characteristics. It emphasizes schools' responsibilities to address and prevent harassment and provides resources for ensuring compliance with Title VI. Additionally, it offers technical assistance and encourages schools to contact the Office for Civil Rights for support.